FHH | Louis Leroy: Pioneer in Ultra-Complicated Watchmaking

Louis Leroy

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With solid competencies as its foundation, the French clockmaker and chronometer maker Louis Leroy presents in 1904 the Leroy 01 pocket watch which would remain the ultimate reference in ultra-complicated watchmaking until 1989.

Born in 1859 in Argenteuil, Louis Leroy earned his stripes working for his father, Théodore-Marie Leroy, horologist to the Navy and a recipient of the Legion of Honour. In 1879, aged twenty and already an accomplished watchmaker, Louis was nearing the end of a year’s training in England when he came to the attention of Casimir Halley Desfontaines. Established in London since 1854, Desfontaines had taken over Le Roy & Fils in 1845. He hired the young Leroy for the company’s Parisian workshops. Louis would grow close to the Desfontaines family to the point that, when Casimir died, the young watchmaker would take on increasing responsibilities within the business, which he bought in 1889 under the new name of L.Leroy & Cie. Now the owner of an established and reputable company known throughout Europe, he was determined to take advantage of the best watchmaking had to offer wherever it was found, and that meant Switzerland. Louis Leroy imported ébauches, escapements and even complete movements which were then decorated, assembled and adjusted in Paris. But it was a long way from the Jura to the French capital, hence in 1892 Louis Leroy opened workshops in Besançon, whose recently opened observatory provided a chronometer certification service.

 

 

With solid competencies as its foundation, and the benefit of collaborations with some of the finest Swiss talent, L.Leroy & Cie went in search of a Parisian address on a par with its ambitions and, in 1899, opened on Boulevard de la Madeleine. Clients came in droves, including such luminaries as Franklin D. Roosevelt, Alfred Nobel, Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, Lindberg, Chopin, Strauss, Wagner, George Sand, Alfred de Musset, Marcel Proust and Henri Matisse. Meanwhile, Louis Leroy was putting the final touches to the Leroy 01. An icon among watches, winner of a Grand Prix at the Paris World’s Fair of 1900, this unique timepiece would remain the ultimate reference in ultra-complicated watchmaking until 1989 and the unveiling of Patek Philippe’s Calibre 89. The Leroy 01, which housed a movement comprising 975 parts assembled on four levels, possessed twenty-seven indications, seventeen of which were directly related to time measurement. This extraordinary achievement meant the company could envisage its future with confidence. Regarded as the epitome of French luxury watchmaking, the brand expanded into timepieces for use in science, the military, industry and sport, and would make important advances in each of these areas. Louis Leroy died in 1935, leaving his brother, Léon, in sole command. In accordance with his brother’s wishes, Léon moved the company to Faubourg-Saint-Honoré, opposite the Élysée Palace, where it remained until the 1980s.

 

 

1900

Made steel bearings for pivots.

1897-1904

Creation of the Leroy 01, the era’s most complicated timepiece with 975 parts, now conserved at the Musée du Temps in Besançon. Its functions are hours, minutes, seconds, time in 125 world cities, day of the week, month, year, moon phases, seasons, solstices and equinoxes, sky charts for both hemispheres, sunrise and sunset times, grande sonnerie and chronograph, plus five non-horological functions of hygrometer, thermometer, barometer, altimeter and compass.

1904

Grand Prize at the Saint Louis World’s Fair.

1908-1924

Won the Besançon Chronometric Cup.

1914

Member of the Bureau des Longitudes.